Operating System

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. All computer programs, excluding firmware, require an operating system to function.

Fig:- The organisation of an operating system within a computer

An operating system run on computer hardware and serves as a platform for other software’s to run on the computer system.

Types of Operating system: -

     1.    Batch operating system: -     Such operating system which uses the concept of batch processing where the operating system create batches of similar jobs and then executes the program is termed as batch operating system.

     2.    Multi-programming operating system: -     The term multi-programming is refers to executing multiple programs simultaneously. The operating system which executes multiple programs in the manner is referred to as multi-programming operating system.

     3.    Multitasking operating system: -     The operating system which performs multiple task at the same time at the same time is referred to as multitasking operating system. For example we may take a document at the same time downloading some contents from internet or printing a copy of a file. Those operating system works in single user environment.

     4.    Multi-user operating system: -     As we develop computers which can support terminals which means input from different terminals are processed in a single machine, we need an operating system which execute program in such environment, such operating system is called multi-user operating system. 

     5.    Time sharing operating system: -     In such operating system certain quantum of time is allocated to all processes in the ready queue within which the processes are required to complete its execution within the time frame otherwise it need to wait for its next term is referred to as time sharing operating system.

     6.    Real time operating system: -     Primary objective of real time operating system is to provide quick response time. Real time system has many events that must be accepted and processed in a short time or within a certain deadline. Such application includes rocket launching, flight control, robotics, telephone switching equipment, etc.

     7.    Network operating system: -     An operating system which includes software to communicate with other computer via a network is called as network operating system. This allows resources such as files, application program and printer to be shared among computers. Such operating system provides various networking services.

For example BSD, UNIX, NOVELL, MS LAN, etc.

Network operating system serves as a peer to peer operating system or as client server operating system.

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