Capacitor

 

Capacitor is an electronic component that stores electric charge. The capacitor is made of 2 close conductors (usually plates) that are separated by a dielectric material. The plates accumulate electric charge when connected to power source. One plate accumulates positive charge and the other plate accumulates negative charge.

The capacitance is the amount of electric charge that is stored in the capacitor at voltage of 1 Volt.

The capacitance is measured in units of Farad (F).

The capacitor disconnects current in direct current (DC) circuits and short circuit in alternating current (AC) circuits.

Capacitor symbols

 

Capacitance

The capacitance (C) of the capacitor is equal to the electric charge (Q) divided by the voltage (V):

C is the capacitance in farad (F)

Q is the electric charge  in coulombs (C), that is stored on the capacitor

V is the voltage between the capacitor's plates in volts (V) 

 

Types of capacitor

Capacitor is an electronic device that stores electric charge. When voltage is applied to the capacitor, it stores electric charge. This charge storage may be fixed or variable depends upon the type of capacitor.

Capacitors are mainly classified into two types:

• Fixed capacitors
• Variable capacitors

Fixed capacitor

Fixed capacitor is a type of capacitor which provides fixed amount of capacitance (capacitance means ability to store electric charge). In other words, fixed capacitor is a type of capacitor that stores fixed amount of electric charge which is not adjustable.

Fixed capacitors are classified into different types based on the dielectric material used to construct them. The different types of fixed capacitors are:

• Paper capacitor
• Plastic capacitor or plastic film capacitor
• Ceramic capacitor
• Mica capacitor
• Electrolytic capacitor
• Supercapacitor

Variable capacitor: -        A variable capacitor is a capacitor whose capacitance may be intentionally and repeatedly changed mechanically or electronically. Variable capacitors are often used in L/C circuits to set the resonance frequency, e.g. to tune a radio (therefore it is sometimes called a tuning capacitor or tuning condenser), or as a variable reactance, e.g. for impedance matching in antenna tuners.

Types of Variable capacitor

       ·        Air capacitor

       ·        Trimmer and padder capacitor

       ·        Variator

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